Social Anxiety with Nicotine & Marijuana
SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE
In substance dependence, significant, ongoing maladaptive behavior occurs as a result of use of the substance, interfering with social functioning or effectiveness on the job and extending over a period of at least a month or recurring over at least a 6-month period.
Physiological dependence can be shown by tolerance or
withdrawal with nicotine and marijuana. Tolerance, means that the person has to use increasing amounts of the drug to feel the same effect.
Withdrawal means that certain physical symptoms
occur if the use of the substance is decreased or stopped.
Here is a short list:
ALCOHOL
1. Abuse of alcohol or other psychoactive substances
means that their use has negative effects on a person's
life. Alcohol abuse is often referred to as problem
drinking, while alcohol dependence or addiction is referred
to as alcoholism. Problems with alcohol are
strongly associated with increased risk of dying in an
accident, especially one caused by drunken driving.
Other health risks associated with overuse of alcohol are
high blood pressure, cancer, and cirrhosis of the liver.
Extensive abuse can cause brain damage.
2. From a biological perspective, alcoholism is a permanent,
irreversible condition in which the individual
experiences an irresistible physical craving for alcohol.
The only treatment that can succeed, in this view, is
complete abstinence. Some research findings indicate a
genetic basis for alcohol problems, perhaps expressed in
alterations of certain neuro-behavioral functions. However,
it is clear that environmental factors are also involved.
3. According to psychodynamic theorists, a person with
an alcohol problem has an oral-dependent personality
as a result of lack of satisfaction of the need for oral
gratification in childhood. There is no conclusive evidence
that personality factors are involved in the development
of alcoholism.
4. Learning theorists point out that some people drink
as a way of coping with problems of living. This behavior
is learned through reinforcement, ' modeling, and
other learning mechanisms.
5. Cognitive theorists emphasize the effects of expectancy
on the behavior of people who consume alcohol.
There is evidence that a person's belief about the alcohol
content of a drink can be a significant determiner of
such behaviors as depression, delay of gratification, and
social anxiety.
6. The biological approach to the treatment of alcoholics
calls for complete abstinence from alcohol. This approach
is used by Alcoholics Anonymous, a self-help
program for alcoholics that emphasizes the need for
spiritual awakening. Another biological approach is the
when a person drinks alcohol after taking it.
7. Psychotherapy is sometimes useful in treating alcoholics,
but there are no definitive conclusions on the
subject. Learning techniques such as adversive conditioning
and covert sensitization have been used with some
success, as have cognitive techniques in which clients are
oriented toward monitoring their own behavior in relation
to alcohol use.
8. Relapse-prevention programs combine a cognitive
approach with a variety of treatment procedures designed
to change the individual's drinking pattern. They
help the alcoholic identify high-risk situations and learn
pertinent coping and behavioral skills.
9. Preventing alcohol abuse is better than treating it .
There is a need for research on ways to prevent excessive
use of alcohol. Social influences, such as the mass media,
are a potentially powerful too in prevention efforts.
For the Treatment I recommend click this link:
http://theliberatormethod.com
In substance dependence, significant, ongoing maladaptive behavior occurs as a result of use of the substance, interfering with social functioning or effectiveness on the job and extending over a period of at least a month or recurring over at least a 6-month period.
Physiological dependence can be shown by tolerance or
withdrawal with nicotine and marijuana. Tolerance, means that the person has to use increasing amounts of the drug to feel the same effect.
Withdrawal means that certain physical symptoms
occur if the use of the substance is decreased or stopped.
Here is a short list:
ALCOHOL
1. Abuse of alcohol or other psychoactive substances
means that their use has negative effects on a person's
life. Alcohol abuse is often referred to as problem
drinking, while alcohol dependence or addiction is referred
to as alcoholism. Problems with alcohol are
strongly associated with increased risk of dying in an
accident, especially one caused by drunken driving.
Other health risks associated with overuse of alcohol are
high blood pressure, cancer, and cirrhosis of the liver.
Extensive abuse can cause brain damage.
2. From a biological perspective, alcoholism is a permanent,
irreversible condition in which the individual
experiences an irresistible physical craving for alcohol.
The only treatment that can succeed, in this view, is
complete abstinence. Some research findings indicate a
genetic basis for alcohol problems, perhaps expressed in
alterations of certain neuro-behavioral functions. However,
it is clear that environmental factors are also involved.
3. According to psychodynamic theorists, a person with
an alcohol problem has an oral-dependent personality
as a result of lack of satisfaction of the need for oral
gratification in childhood. There is no conclusive evidence
that personality factors are involved in the development
of alcoholism.
4. Learning theorists point out that some people drink
as a way of coping with problems of living. This behavior
is learned through reinforcement, ' modeling, and
other learning mechanisms.
5. Cognitive theorists emphasize the effects of expectancy
on the behavior of people who consume alcohol.
There is evidence that a person's belief about the alcohol
content of a drink can be a significant determiner of
such behaviors as depression, delay of gratification, and
social anxiety.
6. The biological approach to the treatment of alcoholics
calls for complete abstinence from alcohol. This approach
is used by Alcoholics Anonymous, a self-help
program for alcoholics that emphasizes the need for
spiritual awakening. Another biological approach is the
when a person drinks alcohol after taking it.
7. Psychotherapy is sometimes useful in treating alcoholics,
but there are no definitive conclusions on the
subject. Learning techniques such as adversive conditioning
and covert sensitization have been used with some
success, as have cognitive techniques in which clients are
oriented toward monitoring their own behavior in relation
to alcohol use.
8. Relapse-prevention programs combine a cognitive
approach with a variety of treatment procedures designed
to change the individual's drinking pattern. They
help the alcoholic identify high-risk situations and learn
pertinent coping and behavioral skills.
9. Preventing alcohol abuse is better than treating it .
There is a need for research on ways to prevent excessive
use of alcohol. Social influences, such as the mass media,
are a potentially powerful too in prevention efforts.
For the Treatment I recommend click this link:
http://theliberatormethod.com